High calcium hardness can lead to which of the following conditions?

High calcium hardness in swimming pool water primarily leads to cloudy water. When calcium levels exceed the ideal range, typically between 200-400 parts per million (ppm), the water can become saturated with calcium carbonate. This oversaturation can result in precipitation, where calcium compounds form solid particles that float in the water, causing turbidity or cloudiness.

In addition, high calcium hardness can also contribute to scaling on pool surfaces and equipment, which may not be as immediate or visually apparent as cloudiness but can affect the overall water quality and aesthetics over time. While other conditions like corrosion or foamy water may arise from different types of imbalances in pool chemistry, the primary and most visible effect of high calcium hardness is the cloudiness in the water. This is an important condition for pool operators to monitor, as clear water is essential for safety, clarity, and enjoyment of pool facilities.